Experience III, Lesson 16: Forming the Subjunctive

Learning how to form the Subjunctive in Latin

Some key for this lesson will be recalling the Verb Endings, Lesson I-2, the 4 principal verb parts from Verbs in the Dictionary, Lesson I-13 and Verb Groups, Lesson I-17.

Time 4 Subjunctive (T.4s) Active: Take the 3rd principal part of the verb, and add the ending "-ssem". Then form the other numbers/persons as learned in Lesson I-2. Passive and Deponent: Take the 4th part of the verb, together with "essem". Then form the other numbers / persons as above. This applies for all verb groups.	Active scripsissem scripsisses scripsisset scripsissemus scripsissetis scripsissent	Passive / Deponent factus essem factus esses factus esset facti essemus facti essetis facti essent
Time 3 Subjunctive (T.3s) Active: Take the 3rd principal part of the verb, and use the ending "-erim". Then form the other numbers/persons as learned in Lesson I-2. Passive and Deponent: Take the 4th part of the verb, together with "sim". Then form the other numbers / persons as above. This applies for all verb groups. N.B. This means the Time 3 Subjunctive has the same form as the Time 6 indicative. E.g. si quis dixerit = "if someone will have said" (T.6) or "if someone may have said" (T.3s)	Active dixerim dixeris dixerit dixerimus dixeritis dixerint	Passive / Deponent recreatus sim recreatus sis recreatus sit recreati simus recreati sitis recreati sint
Time 2 Subjunctive (T.2s) Active: Take the active infinitive (2nd part) of the verb, and add "-m" Then form the other numbers/persons as learned in Lesson I-2. Passive and Deponent: Take the above active form, and use our Passive Flip - think active, flip passive. This applies for all verb groups. N.B. To form the "active" infinitive of a deponent verb is the same as its imperative form. E.g. largior, iri -> largirer; fateor, fateri -> faterer; loquor, loqui -> loquerer; largior, largiri -> largirer	Active gubernarem gubernares gubernaret gubernaremus gubernaretis gubernarent	Passive / Deponent loquerer loquereris loqueretur loqueremus loqueremini loquerentur
Time 1 Subjunctive (T.1s) Active: will form like imperative Time 1, but with a different vowel for each Verb Groups. Group I = "e"; Group II = "ea"; Group III = "a"; Group IV (ia) E.g. Gp. I: canto, cantare -> cantem; Gp. II: teneo, tenere -> teneam; Gp. III: diligo, diligere -> diligam; Gp IV: sentio, sentire -> sentiam Form 1st person singular with an "-m", then form the other numbers/persons as learned in Lesson I-2 Passive and Deponent: Take the above active form, and use our Passive Flip - think active, flip passive. N.B. In verbs groups III and IV, the 1st person singular will be identical for T.1s and T.3 indicative. E.g. quid dicam = "what shall I say" (T.3) or "what should I say" (T.1s)	Active cantem cantes cantet cantemus cantetis cantent	Passive / Deponent canter canteris cantetur cantemur cantemini cantentur

Now go on to Homework 13 and Homework 14

"There is still hope for you." - Fr. Foster
Dum spiro, spero - While I breath, I hope

Third Experience Latin - Fr. Reginald Foster

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