Latin with Foster

Experience III, Lesson 21: Participle Forms and Meanings

Using the four following Non-Deponent verbs as examples:

CANTO, CANTARE, CANTAVI, CANTATUS = to sing

MOVEO, MOVERE, MOVI, MOTUS = to move

DIRIGO, DIRIGERE, DIREXI, DIRECTUS = to direct, guide

SENTIO, SENTIRE, SENSI, SENSUS = to feel

	Active	Passive	Natural Meaning
Contemporaneous	cantans (cantantis) movens (moventis) dirigens (dirigentis) sentiens (sentientis)	<<<---No Passive--->>>	singing moving guiding feeling
Antecedent	<<<---No Active--->>>	cantatus,a,um motus,a,um directus,a,um sensus,a,um	having been sung having been moved having been directed having been felt
Futurity	cantaturus,a,um moturus,a,um directurus,a,um sensurus,a,um	<<<------>>>	about to sing going to move intending to steer
Necessity	<<<------>>>	cantandus,a,um movendus,a,um dirigendus,a,um sentiendus,a,um	needing to be sung having to be sung to be sung

Contemporaneous Participle - take the 2nd part of the verb (the infinitive), drop the "-re" and add "-ns (-ntis)". Therefore it forms with same endings as a Block II Adjective. All the other participles form like Block I adjectives
Antecedent Participle - this is the 4th part of the verb, as learned last year in Lesson 13
Participle of Futurity - based on the 4th part of the verb, drop the "-s" and add "-rus"
Participle of Necessity - based on the 2nd part (infinitive), drop the "-re" and add "-ndus"

N.B.

For verbs of the 4th group, an "e" is added to the infinitive in forming the participle of necessity: audio, audire -> audiens - hearing; audiendus - needing to be heard.
The names are not present, past and future.
The are many ideas than can't be expressed in Latin with a participle, as they don't exist: e.g. a contemporaneous or future passive - "being sung", "about to be sung"; an antecedent or necessary active - "having sung", "needing to sing".