Latin with Foster

Experience III, Lesson 23: Uses of the Participles

As an Adjective modifying a noun or pronoun
homo pugans = the fighting man; homines pugnanti = the fighting men
Alone as a Noun - note: in English, several words are needed
iudicans = the one judging; cantantes = the persons singing; picta = things having been painted; picturus - the man about to paint; pingenda = things needing to be painted
In Formulae - formulas with the verb "to be"
active-futurity formula = the active participle of futurity with the entire verb "to be"
laudaturus sum (T.1) = I am about to praise; laudaturi erant (T.2) = they were about to praise
passive-necessity formula = the passive participle of necessity with the entire verb "to be"
is needing to be = are to be, have to be, need to be, should be, must be, ought to be
laudandus es (T.1) = you are needing to be praised; laudandae fuerunt (T.4b) - the women needed to be praised
Ablative Absolute - these will be learned in a future lesson coming soon

N.B.: The entire verb "to be" means these formulas can be used with all 6 indicative verb times and 4 subjunctive times of "to be".; The verb "to be" is not always necessarily nearby the participle.
Recall:
When the antecedent participle is used with "to be" (T.1-T.3, T.1s-T.2s), it creates a new passive verb, and thus really isn't an antecedent participle: "doctus,a,um" + T.1 "est" = T.4 passive "doctus est" = he has been / was taught; "doctus,a,um" + T.1s "sint" = T.3s passive "doctae essent" = the girls had been taught